In order to hit a moving target, a hunter needs to learn several firing methods. For each one, the hunter sees a target, shoots ahead of it and follows through; the shotgun remains in constant motion.
Let's start with the swing-through method. When using this method you must consider the following factors, mostly taking into account time and the laws of motion:
- From clay pigeons to live game, your target has a particular speed.
- Finding the moving target in your field of vision and then setting up for the shot will take time.
- Once you're in proper stance and you've slapped the trigger, there is then a delay in your shot’s firing. This is because of the sequence happening inside your firearm: the firing pin strikes the cartridge, the powder charge ignites and the shot starts to travel down the barrel.
- When the shot leaves the barrel, it then takes time for it to travel to the target. The farther away a target is from the hunter, the longer it takes for the shot to hit it.
- The speed of the setup and follow through also impact the result shot.
Step 1.
The hunter sees target and starts to swing.
Step 2.
The hunter swings through the target, pulls the trigger, and continues the swing, spreading shot in front of target.
Step 3.
Target and shot come together as the hunter follows through.
The sustained lead method
This shotgun shooting technique requires that you maintain a steady and sustained lead in front of the moving target or bird. You must continue to swing the shotgun after the shot to maintain the sustained lead.
The sustained lead distance will vary depending on the following factors:
- Speed of the target
- Distance of the target
- Wind speed and direction
If the speed of the moving target is faster, you will need to increase the sustained lead distance to allow the shot time to travel to the target. While maintaining the sustained lead, pull the trigger and continue to follow through with the swinging motion.
As you continue to swing through, the shot travels down the barrel and intercepts the target. Start out by swinging the shotgun in the same direction as the moving target, but keeping a steady, sustained lead in front of the target.
Comments
"; $(".articleCommentsBlock").append(loginRegMsg); }; if (nodeId !== undefined && nodeId !== "") { makePostRequest( apiEndpoint + "/dispatch/comment/get", fillRequest, function (response) { if (response && response.success) { commentCount = response.result.length; displayCommentCount(); const comments = threadBuilder(response.result); let renderedComments = ""; for (let i = 0; i < comments.length; i++) { renderedComments += renderComment(comments[i]); } $("#commentBox").append(renderedComments); let topInput = $("#commentBox").find("textarea"); $(topInput).on( "change keyup keydown cut paste scroll", function () { var minHeight = parseInt($(this).css("min-height")); $(this).css("height", minHeight + "px"); var scrollHeight = $(this).get(0).scrollHeight; $(this).css("height", scrollHeight + "px"); let text = $(this).val(); if (text.length) { $(this) .closest(".commentHeader") .find("button") .removeAttr("disabled"); } else { $(this) .closest(".commentHeader") .find("button") .attr("disabled", ""); } } ); $(topInput).blur(); } else { $("#comment-count").html("Sorry..."); $(".commentHeader .commentAuthor").html( "
We are having troubles with the comments on this content
" ); $("#global-comment").css("display", "none"); } }, function (err) { $("#comment-count").html("Sorry..."); $(".commentHeader .commentAuthor").html( "
We are having troubles getting comments for this content
" ); $("#global-comment").css("display", "none"); } ); } const PERMISSIONS = { administrator: 1, editor: 2, customer_service: 3, business_member: 4, insider: 5, insider_trial: 6, explorer: 7, explorer_trial: 8, maps_pro: 9, maps_pro_trial: 10, registered: 11, }; const isStaffMember = function (groups) { if (Array.isArray(groups)) { const isStaffMember = groups && groups.filter(function (group) { return ( group === "editor" || group === "publisher" || group === "administrator" || group === "customer_service" ); })[0]; return isStaffMember; } else { return false; } }; const isBusinessMember = function (groups) { let isBusinessMember = false; for (let i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) { if (PERMISSIONS[groups[i]] <= PERMISSIONS["business_member"]) { isBusinessMember = true; break; } } return isBusinessMember; }; const hasInsiderAccess = function (groups) { let hasInsiderAccess = false; for (let i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) { if (PERMISSIONS[groups[i]] <= PERMISSIONS["insider"]) { hasInsiderAccess = true; break; } } return hasInsiderAccess; }; const insider_trial = function (groups) { let insider_trial = false; for (let i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) { if (PERMISSIONS[groups[i]] <= PERMISSIONS["insider_trial"]) { insider_trial = true; break; } } return insider_trial; }; const hasExplorerAccess = function (groups) { let hasExplorerAccess = false; for (let i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) { if (PERMISSIONS[groups[i]] <= PERMISSIONS["explorer"]) { hasExplorerAccess = true; break; } } return hasExplorerAccess; }; const explorer_trial = function (groups) { let explorer_trial = false; for (let i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) { if (PERMISSIONS[groups[i]] <= PERMISSIONS["explorer_trial"]) { explorer_trial = true; break; } } return explorer_trial; }; const getTimeSince = function (isoDate) { const timePassed = { year: 0, month: 0, week: 0, day: 0, hour: 0, minute: 0, second: 0, }; const today = new Date(); const date = Date.parse(isoDate); timePassed.second = Math.trunc((today - date) / 1000); timePassed.minute = Math.trunc(timePassed.second / 60); if (timePassed.minute) { timePassed.hour = Math.trunc(timePassed.minute / 60); } if (timePassed.hour) { timePassed.day = Math.trunc(timePassed.hour / 24); } if (timePassed.day) { timePassed.week = Math.trunc(timePassed.day / 7); } if (timePassed.week) { timePassed.month = Math.trunc(timePassed.day / 30); } if (timePassed.month) { timePassed.year = Math.trunc(timePassed.day / 365); } const since = []; Object.keys(timePassed).forEach(function (key) { const current = Math.abs(timePassed[key]); if (current) { let s = current > 1 ? "s" : ""; since.push(current + " " + key + s); } }); const wording = timePassed.second > 0 ? "ago" : "left"; const result = since[0] ? since[0] + " " + wording : "just now"; return result; }; const threadBuilder = function (comments) { const rootComments = []; const replies = []; for (let i = 0; i < comments.length; i++) { if (!comments[i].for) { let comment = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(comments[i])); comment.replies = []; rootComments.push(comment); } else { replies.push(comments[i]); } } const threads = rootComments.reverse(); // Collect all replies belonging to the root thread and reorder by time for (let i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) { let allReplies = attachToThread(threads[i], replies); threads[i].replies = allReplies.sort(compareCreationDates); } return threads; }; const attachToThread = function (thread, replies) { let comments = []; let related = []; let unrelated = []; for (let i = 0; i < replies.length; i++) { if (replies[i].for === thread.id) { related.push(replies[i]); } else { unrelated.push(replies[i]); } } comments = comments.concat(related); if ( related.length === 0 || replies.length === 0 || related.length === replies.length ) { return comments; } else { for (let i = 0; i < related.length; i++) { comments = comments.concat( attachToThread(related[i], unrelated) ); } return comments; } }; const compareCreationDates = function (a, b) { if (a.created < b.created) return -1; if (a.created > b.created) return 1; return 0; }; const renderCommentInput = function (params) { const commentType = (params && params.commentType) || "comment"; const fakeId = Math.floor( Math.random() * (4000000000 - 1000000 + 1) + 1000000 ); return ( '
' + '
Commenting as ' + commentUsername + "
" + '
' + ' ' + "
" + "
" + ' ' + '
' + ' ' + ' ' + "
" + "
" + "
" ); }; const unS3fy = function (fileName) { let result = ""; if (!fileName) { return result; } if (fileName.startsWith("s3://")) { result = fileName.replace("s3:/", s3Path); } else { result = fileName; } return result; }; const renderComment = function (comment) { const author = comment.author; const uuid = author && author.uuid; const meta = author && author.meta; const groups = author && author.groups; let staffLine = ""; let replyAction = ""; let deleteAction = ""; let staff = ""; if (isStaffMember(groups)) { staffLine = ''; staff = "staff"; } else if (isBusinessMember(groups)) { staffLine = ''; } else if (hasInsiderAccess(groups)) { staffLine = ''; } else if (insider_trial(groups)) { staffLine = ''; } else if (hasExplorerAccess(groups)) { staffLine = ''; } else if (explorer_trial(groups)) { staffLine = ''; } if (user && user.tracker) { if (user.tracker != author.uuid) { replyAction = '' + 'Cancel'; } if ( isStaffMember(user.groups) && (!comment.replies || comment.replies.length == 0) ) { let commentUuid = "'" + comment.uuid + "'"; deleteAction = 'Delete'; } } const avatar = meta && meta.avatar && meta.avatar.data ? unS3fy(meta.avatar.data) : userDefaultAvatar; const formalName = author.firstName + " " + (author.lastName && author.lastName[0] + "."); const postedTime = getTimeSince(comment.created_at); let renderedReplies = ""; if (comment.replies) { for (let i = 0; i < comment.replies.length; i++) { renderedReplies += renderComment(comment.replies[i]); } } return ( '
' + '
' + '
' + //' ' + "
" + '
' + '
' + '
' + formalName + "" + ' ' + postedTime + "
" + staffLine + "
" + '
' + DOMPurify.sanitize(comment.text.replace(/\n/g, "
")) + "
" + "
" + replyAction + deleteAction + "
" + "
" + "
" + "
" + '
' + renderedReplies + "
" ); }; const hideAllCommentInputs = function () { $(".comment .commentHeader").remove(); $(".action.cancelReplyLink").addClass("hidden"); $(".action.replyLink").removeClass("hidden"); }; const displayCommentCount = function () { let countText = commentType + "s"; if (commentCount > 0) { countText = commentCount + (commentCount > 1 ? " " + commentType + "s" : " " + commentType); } $("#comment-count").html(countText); }; // Closure return object return { renderCommentInput: renderCommentInput, showLoginRegisterMessage: showLoginRegisterMessage, showReplyForm: function (event) { hideAllCommentInputs(); const location = $(event.target) .closest(".content") .closest(".comment"); $(event.target).addClass("hidden"); $(event.target).next().removeClass("hidden"); const html = renderCommentInput({ commentType: commentType, }); $(location).append(html); $(location) .find("textarea") .on("change keyup keydown cut paste scroll", function () { var minHeight = parseInt($(this).css("min-height")); $(this).css("height", minHeight + "px"); var scrollHeight = $(this).get(0).scrollHeight; $(this).css("height", scrollHeight + "px"); let text = $(this).val(); if (text.length) { $(this) .closest(".commentHeader") .find("button") .removeAttr("disabled"); } else { $(this) .closest(".commentHeader") .find("button") .attr("disabled", ""); } }); }, hideReplyForm: function (event) { hideAllCommentInputs(); }, postComment: function (event) { const originalContent = $(event.target).html(); $(event.target).html("Submitting..."); let replyFor = $(event.target).closest(".comment").attr("id"); let notifyMe = $(event.target) .closest("div") .find('input[type="checkbox"]') .prop("checked"); let text = $(event.target) .closest(".commentHeader") .find("textarea") .val(); let fillRequest = { action: { payload: { text: text, for: replyFor, notifyReplies: notifyMe, }, type: { target: "comment", verb: "create", }, }, asset: { type: nodeType, title: nodeTitle, uuid: nodeId, id: nodeId, url: location.pathname, }, actor: { type: "user", uuid: user.tracker, }, }; makePostRequest( apiEndpoint + "/dispatch/comment/create", fillRequest, function (response) { $(event.target).html(originalContent); if (response && response.success) { let commentEntry = renderComment(response.result); ++commentCount; displayCommentCount(); $(event.target) .closest("div") .find('input[type="checkbox"]') .removeAttr("checked") .trigger("change"); if (replyFor) { $(event.target) .closest(".comment") .next(".commentThread") .append(commentEntry); } else { $("#commentBox textarea").val("").trigger("change"); $(commentEntry).insertAfter( $("#commentBox").find(".commentHeader") ); } hideAllCommentInputs(); } else { alert( "Sorry... We were unable to post your comment this time" ); } }, function (err) { $(event.target).html(originalContent); alert( "Sorry... We were unable to post your comment this time" ); } ); }, deleteComment: function (event, id) { if (confirm("Do you really want to delete the comment?")) { const originalContent = $(event.target).html(); $(event.target).html("Deleting..."); const comment = $(event.target) .closest(".content") .closest(".comment"); let fillRequest = { action: { payload: { uuid: id, }, type: { target: "comment", verb: "delete", }, }, actor: { type: "user", uuid: user.tracker, }, }; makePostRequest( apiEndpoint + "/dispatch/comment/delete", fillRequest, function (response) { $(event.target).html(originalContent); if (response && response.success) { let commentEntry = renderComment(response.result); --commentCount; displayCommentCount(); $(comment).remove(); } else { alert( "Sorry... We were unable to delet the comment this time" ); } }, function (err) { $(event.target).html(originalContent); alert( "Sorry... We were unable to delete the comment this time" ); } ); } }, }; }; }